MELASMA (Skin Spot)

Melasma is a condition characterized by darkening of the skin due to activation of melanocyte cells in the skin and an increase in melanin pigment. It most commonly affects the cheeks, nose, forehead, chin and mustache, and less commonly the sun-exposed areas of the body such as the shoulders, chest and forearms.

What are the causes of melasma?

The most common cause is sun explosure (ultraviolet), and it increases in the summer months. Ultraviolet light coming in through the window when you are at home or driving, as well as light sources in the home, office, and even light reflected from the computer screen can trigger melasma. Other causes of melasma include hormonal changes, especially pregnancy, use of birth control pills and hormone-releasing contraceptive methods (intrauterine pills), autoimmune thyroid disease, adrenal insufficiency, heat exposure, and use of perfume-containing cosmetics in sun-exposed areas.

What is used in the treatment of melasma?

• Spot-lightening medications (such as hydroquinone, azeleic acid, topical retinoids)
• Chemical peeling
• Laser treatments (Q-switched and fractional laser)

What should be considered when preventing and treating melasma?

While melasma recedes significantly with treatment within a few months, it can reappear in a short time. Sun protection is the most important prevention method. It is important to use daily sunscreens with factor 50 and above UVA /UVB filtered sunscreens. If the disease is caused by hormonal medications, these medications should be discontinued. Taking antioxidant foods or supplements, niacinamide (vitamin B3) and vitamin C has been shown to be effective in suppressing melasma and supports other treatment options.